What Is a Qualified Longevity Annuity Contract (QLAC)?
Let me explain what a QLAC is directly: it stands for qualified longevity annuity contract, and it's essentially a deferred annuity that you fund with money from your qualified retirement plan or IRA. You take funds from something like a 401(k), 403(b), or IRA and convert them into this annuity.
You can buy QLACs from various insurance companies. What it does is provide you with guaranteed monthly payments that kick in after a specific starting date. As long as it meets IRS rules, this setup lets you skip the required minimum distribution (RMD) requirements until you hit age 85.
Key Takeaways on QLACs
Think of a QLAC as a strategy to defer part of your RMDs in retirement. It converts funds from your retirement accounts into an annuity, deferring the taxes that come with normal RMDs. You'll find these available through many insurance providers.
Understanding Annuities and QLACs
First, recall what an annuity is: it's a contract you buy from an insurance company, paying a lump sum or premiums, and in return, they pay you starting on a set date. The duration depends on the annuity type.
A QLAC fits into this as an investment vehicle for your retirement funds, turning them into lifetime income once the start date arrives. The longer you live, the more it pays out. Using IRA money for a QLAC helps you avoid breaking IRS RMD rules, which require withdrawals starting at age 73, rising to 75 in 2033.
With a QLAC, you delay distributions until a preset date, but no later than your 85th birthday. You can even set it up with a spouse or another as a joint annuitant, covering both for life no matter how long that is.
QLACs and Taxes
QLACs reduce your RMD amounts from IRAs and qualified plans, which can keep you in a lower tax bracket and even lower Medicare premiums. Once the income starts, though, your tax liability goes up based on the account value from the previous year. To get these benefits, you must follow IRS rules strictly.
QLAC Options
One approach is laddering QLACs, buying one each year over several years, similar to dollar-cost averaging since costs fluctuate with interest rates. This can lower your average cost. You could have all start paying in the same year or stagger them, like one at 78, another at 79, but remember RMDs are mandatory at 85.
You can add a cost-of-living adjustment to index against inflation, though it reduces the initial payout. Whether to do this depends on your expected lifespan.
A Key Warning on QLACs
The biggest risk here is the financial strength of the company issuing the QLAC—make sure they're solid.
Example of a QLAC in Action
Consider Shahana, who's 67 and retiring in three years. She wants to cut her RMD tax hit. Her estimated first RMD at 73 is $84,000 based on her balances. She has other investments like stocks, bonds, and real estate for income, plus part-time consulting.
She puts $100,000 from her IRA into a single premium QLAC to start at 85. This delays RMDs on that amount, excluding it from her IRA for RMD calculations until then, lowering her current taxes. At 85, she gets guaranteed lifetime income, taxed then, possibly at a lower rate.
Limitations and Details on QLACs
A limitation is that QLACs are inflexible—you lose access to the money until payments begin, so they're not for everyone. You pay taxes on the income when payments start, at regular income rates. The cost is just the lump sum from your retirement account to the provider, with no extra fees.
The Bottom Line
In summary, a QLAC is a deferred annuity from your qualified retirement account like an IRA. You buy it from an insurance provider and pick a start date for payments, but IRS rules say RMDs from it begin at 85. Moving money to a QLAC lowers your annual RMDs on other accounts.
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