What Is Batch Processing?
Let me explain batch processing directly: it's when you process transactions in a group or batch, and once it starts, no user interaction is needed. This sets it apart from transaction processing, where you handle things one by one and often need user input.
You can run batch processing anytime, but it's especially useful for end-of-cycle tasks, like generating a bank's daily reports or handling monthly payrolls.
Key Takeaways
Batch processing is a technique I want you to understand for automating multiple transactions as one group. It manages tasks such as payroll, end-of-month reconciliations, or overnight trade settlements. Over time, these systems save money and labor, though designing and implementing them can be costly upfront.
Understanding Batch Processing
For large enterprises, batch processing became standard in the mid-20th century with mainframe computers, where you'd feed stacks of punched cards with commands into the system.
Herman Hollerith developed the punch card around 1890 while working for the U.S. Census Bureau, and it laid the groundwork for batch processing decades later.
You run batch jobs on schedules, like overnight, or as needed. For instance, monthly utility bills are often generated this way. It's cost-effective for large data volumes, but remember, if inputs are wrong, the entire batch fails, wasting time and money.
History of Batch Processing
Batch processing features minimal human intervention, which is key to its efficiency, though it wasn't always so automated.
It began with punch cards tabulated into computer instructions, processed in entire decks at once. Herman Hollerith created this for the 1890 U.S. Census; cards were punched manually and read by electromechanical devices. He patented it as the 'Electronic Tabulating Machine' and helped form what became IBM.
Today, batch processing is fully automated to trigger on time conditions. Some tasks run immediately, others in real-time with monitoring. If issues arise, the system alerts personnel via exception-based management, freeing up managers for other work.
The software uses monitors and dependencies to spot exceptions, like customer orders or supply requests, starting the process accordingly.
Advantages of Batch Processing
Batch processing is faster and cheaper because it reduces labor and equipment needs by minimizing human oversight and hardware use. It's quick, efficient, and error-free by design, so you can focus on other tasks.
These systems work anytime, anywhere, even outside business hours or offline, without disrupting daily routines.
With a hands-off approach, managers don't supervise batches; alerts handle problems, letting staff do their jobs.
Disadvantages of Batch Processing
Before implementing, consider the drawbacks. Deployment requires training on triggers, scheduling, and exception notifications.
Debugging complex systems means you need staff familiar with them or hire IT specialists.
The infrastructure involves a significant upfront cost, which might not be feasible for some businesses.
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