What Is Depreciated Cost?
Let me explain depreciated cost directly to you: it's the value of a fixed asset after you've subtracted all the accumulated depreciation recorded against it. In a broader economic view, this represents the total capital 'used up' over a period like a fiscal year. You can look at depreciated cost to spot trends in a company's capital spending and gauge how aggressive or accurate their accounting is in calculating depreciation.
You'll also hear depreciated cost referred to as 'salvage value,' 'net book value,' or 'adjusted cost basis.' These terms all point to the same concept in asset valuation.
Key Takeaways on Depreciated Cost
Here's what you need to remember: depreciated cost is simply the fixed asset's value minus accumulated depreciation. It measures an asset's value once its useful life ends. This metric lets companies review their capital spending and accounting approaches. And yes, it's synonymous with salvage value, net book value, or adjusted cost basis.
How Depreciated Cost Works
Understand that the depreciated cost method is an accounting tool businesses and individuals use to find an asset's useful value. I want to be clear: this isn't the same as market value, which fluctuates based on supply and demand.
Depreciated cost is what remains of an asset's value after its useful life, reduced gradually through depreciation. This method ensures accounting records reflect the asset's current value by continually applying depreciation. It also helps you measure cash flows from the asset relative to its own value.
The Formula for Depreciated Cost
The formula is straightforward: Depreciated Cost = Purchase Price (or Cost Basis) - Cumulative Depreciation. Here, Cumulative Depreciation is the total depreciation accumulated over time. You apply this to track an asset's declining value accurately.
Example of Depreciated Cost
Consider this example: if a construction company sells an inoperable crane for parts at $5,000, that's the crane's depreciated cost or salvage value. Suppose the crane originally cost $50,000—then the total depreciation over its life is $45,000.
Now, if the crane's useful life is 15 years, you have what you need to calculate annual depreciation. The straight-line method is the simplest; it doesn't curve the depreciation amount, unlike immediate drops like 30% off a new car's value or spikes near major repairs. With straight-line, depreciation is consistent each year: total depreciation ($45,000) divided by useful life (15 years) equals $3,000 per year.
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