What Is the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)?
Let me explain what the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, or APEC, really is. It's an economic group with 21 members, started back in 1989, and its main aim is to push for free trade and sustainable development in the economies around the Pacific Rim.
Key Takeaways on APEC
You should know that APEC is a forum of 21 economies set up in 1989. It includes countries like the US and focuses on free trade and sustainable growth in the Pacific area. APEC deals with various specific issues, such as intellectual property rights and preparing for emergencies, through its sub-groups that work on policy and awareness. Importantly, APEC has played a key role in cutting tariffs, streamlining customs, and narrowing the divide between developing and developed economies.
Understanding APEC
APEC's core objective is to make sure goods, services, capital, and labor flow smoothly across borders. This means boosting efficiency at customs, creating supportive business environments in member economies, and aligning regulations and policies throughout the region. I want you to understand that APEC came about because of the growing economic ties in the Asia-Pacific. It was part of a wave of regional economic groups in the late 20th century, similar to the European Union or the old North American Free Trade Agreement.
Nations Comprising APEC
The original members were Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and the US. Since then, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Peru, Russia, and Vietnam have joined. Notice that APEC calls them 'economies' instead of states to keep the focus on trade and economics, avoiding tricky diplomatic matters like Taiwan's status or Hong Kong's autonomy. China claims Taiwan as its own, and Hong Kong operates semi-autonomously. APEC also has official observers: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, and the Pacific Islands Forum.
APEC's Actions and Goals
In 1994, at a major summit, APEC set an ambitious target: free trade and investment in the region by 2010 for developed economies, and by 2020 for developing ones. Here's a quick fact for you: APEC funds about 100 projects each year, with around USD 15.4 million allocated in 2018. Then in 1995, they adopted the Osaka Action Agenda to ease business, liberalize trade and investment, and foster economic and technical cooperation. Progress has been slow because APEC decides everything by consensus, and while some are unanimous, they're not legally binding on members.
Sub-Groups of APEC
APEC runs a policy support unit for research and analysis to back its regional goals, plus special working groups on economic development issues. These groups tackle specific areas to push policy and awareness. For instance, on gender issues, APEC has a partnership on women and the economy to integrate women economically—there are about 600 million women in the region's workforce. For intellectual property rights, the Experts' Group studies and shares info on enforcement, promoting cooperation under the WTO's TRIPS agreement. And for emergency preparedness, the working group builds resilience through business partnerships and info sharing, crucial for the Pacific Rim's vulnerability to tsunamis, typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
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