Table of Contents
- Global Overview of Publicly Traded Companies
- Key Takeaways
- 1. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
- 2. The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
- 3. The London Stock Exchange (LSE)
- 4. The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
- 5. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange
- 6. The Shanghai Stock Exchange
- What Is the Largest Stock Exchange in the World?
- How Many Stock Exchanges Are There in the World?
- Which Is the Oldest Stock Exchange in the World?
- The Bottom Line
Global Overview of Publicly Traded Companies
Let me tell you straight: as of May 2025, there are about 53,795 companies traded publicly around the world, which is a bit down from 53,945 the year before.
The U.S. holds the biggest exchange by market cap, but Asia's exchanges are gaining ground and influence globally. I'll walk you through some of the largest ones below.
Key Takeaways
Worldwide, you've got roughly 53,795 listed companies as of April 2025. While the Americas and Europe have plenty, the real growth is coming from Asia.
The New York Stock Exchange tops the list by market cap. Others in the big leagues include Nasdaq, India's National Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange, and Shanghai Stock Exchange.
1. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
The NYSE is under the Intercontinental Exchange, which runs exchanges and clearing houses globally. It's the world's largest with a market cap of $31.71 trillion as of May 2025.
Founded in 1792, it started with what we think was the Bank of New York stock, now part of Bank of New York Mellon. You see the bell-ringing ceremony in the media all the time—it's iconic.
Competition is fierce here. The NYSE fights for listings in cash equities, ETFs, structured products, bonds, and options.
2. The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
The TSE is part of the Japan Exchange Group (JPX), merging the Tokyo, Osaka, and Tokyo Commodity exchanges. JPX ranks fifth globally with a $6.92 trillion market cap as of May 2025, and 3,958 firms listed.
It dates back to 1878. The Nikkei 225 index tracks Japan's top companies and is one of the most watched.
3. The London Stock Exchange (LSE)
Owned by the London Stock Exchange Group, which includes Refinitiv and FTSE Russell, the LSE had a £4.4 trillion market cap as of June 2024. It started around 1801, just after the NYSE.
Listings have dropped sharply—to 1,025 issuers by June 2024 from 3,297 in 2007. Reasons include shifts to government debt by pension managers, Brexit, more private equity, low liquidity, and tough regulations.
4. The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
The NSE boasts a $5.16 trillion market cap as of May 2025 with 2,735 listed companies. It overtook Hong Kong in 2023.
Founded in 1992, it pioneered electronic trading in India in 1994. Don't forget the BSE, India's other key market, once called the Bombay Stock Exchange.
5. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange
This one's in the top 10, with $5.22 trillion in market cap from 2,633 companies as of May 2025. It's a main gateway for global investors into China.
6. The Shanghai Stock Exchange
Opened in 1990, it's one of the newest but largest, with 2,284 companies and over $7.31 trillion market cap as of May 2025.
Chinese firms often have H shares on Hong Kong (in HK dollars, easy for foreigners) and A shares on mainland like Shanghai (in Renminbi, with restrictions for outsiders). Foreigners can buy A shares via qualified investor programs, but it's not straightforward.
What Is the Largest Stock Exchange in the World?
By market cap, it's the New York Stock Exchange, followed by Nasdaq—both in New York City.
How Many Stock Exchanges Are There in the World?
As of 2025, the World Federation of Exchanges tracks 78 major ones across all regions.
Which Is the Oldest Stock Exchange in the World?
That would be the Amsterdam Stock Exchange from 1602, where the Dutch East India Company was the first public company.
The Bottom Line
Nearly every region has stock exchanges for companies to list shares and raise capital for growth or operations. As an investor, you buy those shares hoping for price gains and profits.
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