What Is a Negative Return?
Let me explain what a negative return really means. It's when an investment loses value over a specific period, leading to a financial loss instead of the gain you were hoping for. This can apply to your overall portfolio, a single investment, or even a business operation. For businesses, we often call this a negative return on equity.
Key Takeaways
- A negative return means a loss on an investment, business performance, or invested projects.
- If you buy securities expecting them to rise in value but they fall, that's a negative return.
- A business faces a negative return if its revenues don't cover all expenses.
- Projects financed by debt must yield more than the loan's interest rate to avoid negative returns.
- Negative returns can push businesses toward bankruptcy, falling share prices, and challenges in securing financing.
Understanding a Negative Return
You most often hear about negative returns in the context of investments. As an investor, you put your money into securities based on your research—maybe fundamental or technical analysis—expecting them to grow in value. If they do, you get a positive return. But if they drop, you're looking at a negative return and a loss. Remember, you can use those losses to offset gains in your portfolio, which helps cut down on capital gains tax. We measure this with return on investment (ROI), a key metric for tracking your results.
Negative Returns in Business
Negative returns aren't just for investments; they apply to business profits or losses over a period too. Take a company that brings in $20,000 in revenue but spends $40,000 on costs—that's a clear negative return. Many new businesses see this in their early years because of heavy initial capital outlays without much revenue coming in yet. It's normal for profits to lag for a few years after starting up.
Investors like you might stay invested if you believe the company can flip that negative return into positive territory soon, driving high profits, sales, or asset turnover. But if negative returns drag on without a strong plan to turn things around, confidence fades. That leads to dropping share prices, trouble getting financing, and ultimately, bankruptcy if it continues.
Negative Returns on Projects
You can also see negative returns on specific projects that companies fund, often with borrowed money. Say a company borrows to buy new equipment for expansion. If the returns from that equipment don't exceed the loan's interest rate, it's a negative return on that investment.
Example of a Negative Return
Here's a straightforward example to make this clear. Suppose you, like Charles, get $1,000 as a gift and decide to invest it. Based on a friend's tips and your research, you split it evenly between Company ABC and Company XYZ, putting $500 into each.
After a year, you check your portfolio. Company ABC has grown to $600, but Company XYZ has fallen to $200. So, you've got a positive return on ABC but a negative one on XYZ. Overall, your portfolio shows a $200 negative return—starting at $1,000 and now worth $800. These are unrealized until you sell, but if you do, the loss on XYZ can offset the gain on ABC for tax purposes, lowering your capital gains tax.
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